The 7th century witnessed the rise of Islam, major imperial transitions, and the reshaping of Eurasian power structures.

• Major Events
  1. Rise of Islam (610 CE)
  2. Hijra to Medina (622 CE)
  3. Fall of Sassanian Empire
• Major Empires
  1. Byzantine Empire
  2. Rashidun → Umayyad Caliphate
  3. Tang Dynasty
• Major Conflicts
  1. Byzantine–Sassanian Wars
  2. Early Islamic conquests
• Population Trends
  1. Urban expansion in Arabia and Persia
  2. Prosperity in Tang China
• Key Leaders
  1. Prophet Muhammad
  2. Emperor Taizong
  3. Caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali
• Key Intellectuals
  1. Xuanzang
  2. Hasan al-Basri
• Major Religions
  1. Islam
  2. Christianity
  3. Buddhism (East Asia)
• Currency
  1. Byzantine Solidus
  2. Early Islamic Dinar