The 21st century has been characterized by globalized connectivity through the internet, the rise of new world powers, and the urgent challenges of climate change, terrorism, and global pandemics.
- Major Events
- September 11 terrorist attacks (2001 CE) trigger the Global War on Terrorism.
- The Great Recession (2007–2009 CE) highlights global financial interdependence.
- The COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2023 CE) causes global health and economic crises.
- Accelerated focus on climate change mitigation and renewable energy development.
- Major Powers
- United States (Retains primary global influence)
- China (Emerges as a rival economic and geopolitical power)
- European Union (Major economic bloc)
- Russia (Resurgent geopolitical actor)
- Major Conflicts
- War in Afghanistan (2001–2021 CE) and Iraq War (2003–2011 CE).
- Ongoing proxy conflicts and civil wars in the Middle East and Africa.
- Geopolitical tensions over trade, technology, and territorial claims.
- Population Trends
- Global population continues to rise, but fertility rates decline in most developed nations.
- Rapid aging of populations in Western nations and parts of Asia (e.g., Japan, Europe).
- Key Leaders
- Barack Obama (First African-American U.S. President)
- Pervez Musharraf (Pakistans former President and Dictator)
- Angela Merkel (Long-serving Chancellor of Germany)
- Xi Jinping (General Secretary of the Communist Party of China)
- Key Intellectuals
- Greta Thunberg (Climate change activist)
- Yuval Noah Harari (Historian, author of Sapiens and Homo Deus)
- Elon Musk (Entrepreneur in space, electric vehicles, and AI technology)
- Major Religions
- Christianity and Islam remain the world's largest religions, with rapid growth in Africa.
- Increased tension between secularism and religious fundamentalism globally.
- The rise of non-affiliated or "nones" in Western census data.
- Key Developments
- Widespread adoption of smartphones and social media platforms.
- Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, and gene editing (CRISPR).
- Renewed focus on space exploration by commercial and state agencies.