The 17th century was dominated by scientific breakthroughs, global trade expansion, and devastating wars in Europe.

• Major Events
  1. Scientific Revolution
  2. Establishment of global trading companies (VOC, EIC)
  3. Colonization of North America
• Major Empires
  1. Ottoman Empire
  2. Mughal Empire
  3. Spanish Empire
  4. Dutch and English colonial empires
• Major Conflicts
  1. Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648)
  2. English Civil War
  3. Ottoman–Safavid conflicts
• Population Trends
  1. Slow recovery from plague outbreaks
  2. Growth of Atlantic colonies
• Key Leaders
  1. Louis XIV of France
  2. Shah Jahan
  3. Tokugawa Ieyasu
• Key Intellectuals
  1. Isaac Newton
  2. René Descartes
  3. Galileo Galilei
• Major Religions
  1. Christianity (Catholic & Protestant)
  2. Islam
  3. Buddhism in East Asia
• Currency
  1. Dutch Guilder
  2. English Pound Sterling