The 15th century marked the transition into the early modern world, driven by exploration, printing, and rising empires.

• Major Events
  1. Fall of Constantinople (1453 CE)
  2. Gutenberg's printing press
  3. Age of Exploration begins
• Major Empires
  1. Ottoman Empire
  2. Ming Dynasty
  3. Spanish Empire
  4. Portuguese Empire
• Major Conflicts
  1. Ottoman expansion
  2. End of Hundred Years’ War (1453)
  3. Wars of the Roses
• Population Trends
  1. Recovery from the Black Death
  2. Urban growth in Renaissance Italy
• Key Leaders
  1. Mehmed II
  2. Ferdinand and Isabella
  3. Henry VII
• Key Intellectuals
  1. Leonardo da Vinci
  2. Michelangelo
  3. Gutenberg
• Major Religions
  1. Christianity
  2. Islam
• Currency
  1. Venetian Ducat
  2. Ottoman Akçe